Presumptive Taxation under Section 44AD is a special scheme introduced by the Government
of India to reduce the tax burden for small businesses with limited turnover.
Under this scheme, eligible businesses can declare income at a prescribed percentage of their
total turnover instead of maintaining detailed books of accounts and undergoing tax audits. This
makes tax filing easier, faster and more cost-effective.
What is presumptive taxation under Section 44AD?
Section 44AD calculates your business income as a fixed percentage of turnover rather than
actual profits.
Under this scheme:
● Income is presumed to be 8% of total turnover, or
● 6% of turnover, if the cash receipts do not exceed 5% of total receipts
The scheme is available to resident individuals, HUFs and partnership firms (excluding LLPs)
engaged in eligible businesses.
Presumptive taxation for professionals
Professionals such as doctors, lawyers, architects and consultants are covered under Section
44ADA.
Under Section 44ADA:
● Income is presumed to be 50% of gross receipts.
● The gross receipt limit is ₹75 lakh.
What are the eligibility criteria for presumptive taxation?
To get your business registered under this scheme, you need to meet the following eligibility
criteria:
● Your total revenue shouldn’t exceed the prescribed limit.
● Your reported income should be 8% of your turnover.
However, if cash receipts are less than 5% of total receipts, the turnover limit is extended to ₹3
crore and 6% of the turnover is presumed to be the income.
Additional conditions under Section 44AD
To curb the growing misuse of this section, the government introduced a lock-in provision. The
provision is:
If you opt for Section 44AD, you must continue declaring income under this scheme for five
consecutive assessment years.
If you opt out before completing five years:
● You cannot re-enter the scheme for the next five years.
● You may also be required to maintain books and undergo an audit if applicable.
Example
If you opt for the scheme in Assessment Year (AY) 2026–27, you must continue it until AY
2031–32. If you opt out in between, you become ineligible for the next five assessment years.
Note: The restriction of not being able to opt for the presumptive taxation scheme for five years
applies only if the taxpayer declares profits lower than 8% or 6%, as applicable. If the taxpayer
is unable to opt for the presumptive scheme for any other reason, the restrictions under Section
44AD will not apply.
List of businesses not eligible under Section 44AD
Here are some of the businesses that are not eligible:
● A business engaged in operating, hiring or leasing goods carriages, as mentioned under
Section 44AE.
● Any person conducting an agency business.
● Any person earning income in the form of commission or brokerage.
How does presumptive taxation benefit businesses?
The presumptive taxation scheme was introduced by the government to lower the tax burden on
small business owners. The benefits of the scheme include:
● Reduced compliance burden: You don’t have to maintain detailed books of accounts
as per this section. This saves your time, effort and administrative work.
● Lower professional costs: Since a tax audit is not compulsory, you avoid extra
payments to auditors and tax professionals.
● Simplified tax filing process: Filing ITR-4 instead of ITR-3 is quicker, easier and
involves less paperwork.
● Overall cost efficiency: Reduced paperwork, fewer procedural requirements and
simplified taxation lower the overall compliance cost.
How to opt for Section 44AD?
There is no separate registration process for Section 44AD. You can opt for the scheme while
filing your Income Tax Return.
Steps to opt for this scheme:
1. Compute your total turnover for the financial year.
2. Calculate income at 6% or 8%, as applicable.
3. File your return using ITR-4 (Sugam).
4. Declare income under Section 44AD in the appropriate schedule.
Once filed, your return reflects that you have opted for the presumptive taxation scheme.
Way forward
Opting for presumptive taxation under Section 44AD can significantly reduce the compliance
burden for small businesses and professionals. Even though detailed books of accounts are not
mandatory, maintaining accurate records of turnover, receipts and tax payments is still essential
for smooth filing and long-term financial planning. With software like TallyPrime, you can easily
track turnover in real time, prepare data for ITR-4 filing and more.
